Rock crusher



y 1952 N. H. BOGl E 2,605,051

ROCK CRUSHER I I Filed Sept. 29, 1947 -2' SHEETS-SHEET 1 N. H. BOGIE ROCK CRUSHER July 29, 1952 2 SHEETSSHEET 2 Filed Sept. 29. 1947 Attmney.

Patented July 29, 1952 ,UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. d 2,605,051

' ROCK CRUSHER Nelson H. Bogie, Lexington, Ky. I Application September 29,1947, Serial 190.776.187

2 Claims.

This invention relates to comminuting apparatus and more particularly to machines for crushing hand and friable materials such as ore, rock, coal and the like.

Having in mind the defects of the prior art apparatus it is an object of this invention to provide a comminuting apparatus that actually crushes rock and with substantially noabrasive action thereon.

'It is another object of the invention to provide a r'ockcrushing machine that has a positive feed action.

It is still another object of the invention to provide a rock crushing machine that has jaws which are directly opposed so as to positively crush the rock. r

. It is a further object of the invention t provide a rock crushing machine wherein the stationary jaw is adjustably mounted.

. It is a still further object of the invention to provide a rock crushing machine wherein both jaws are adjustably mounted relative to each other.

It is yet another object of the invention to provide a rock crushing machine wherein the lower crushing end of the movable jaw is positively moved laterally at a substantially higher rate of speed than thelongitudinal or upward and downward movement of the jaw by an eccentric rotary motion of its upper end.

It is still another object of the invention to provide a. rock crushing machine wherein the lower crushing end of the movable jaw is moved througha crushing stroke toward the stationary jaw only when the movable jaw is not being moved longitudinally.

It is astill further object of the invention to provide a rock crushing machine wherein the lower crushing end of the movable jaw is retracted from the stationary jaw while it is subject to longitudinal movement to preclude abra- Sion of the rock and to positively feed it.

r 2 struction, simplicity; of design and efliciency of operation. g The foregoing objects and others ancillary thereto are-preferably accomplished, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, by a rock crushing machine having an adjustably mounted stationary jaw, and a movable jaw which is driven and shifted or moved at both its upper and lower ends but in difierent, opposite or the same directions and in timed relation. The upper drive may comprise an eccentric which imparts longitudinal movement to the jaw with relatively stationary periods between the longitudinal movements while the eccentric is passing over and under its pivotal center and when the jaw'is moved in and out. The lower drive imparts a horizontal reciprocal movement to the bottom of thejaw in the same direction, opposite to the directions of movement of the top of the jaw, or while the latter is moving up or down and is timed to move the jaw toward the stationary jaw during the relatively stationary periods and retract the jaw during the longitudinal movement periods. The lower drive preferably eomprise's' 'an eccentricthat rolls freely against the bottom outer surface of the movable jaw-and-is pref erably driven at twice the speed of the upper eccentric so as to impact the rock twiceduring each revolution of the upper eccentric. I The stationary jaw,

/ preferably, is pivotally mounted at its upper end and propped atits lower end by an adjustable or adjustably posi- It is a still further objectof the invention to provide a rock crushing machine including angular hopper forming portions, and substantially parallel crusher forming portions.

It is a collateral object of the invention to provide a rock crusher jaw having readily replaceable wear plates to eliminate loss of time and production in replacing these plates.

It is, an object of theinvention to provide a rock crushing machinehaving economy of contioned toggle whereas the lower eccentric of the movable jaw is adjustably positioned to vary to the position of this lower end ofthe movable jaw. The movable jaw'may be retained against the lower eccentric by gravity but it is preferred that it be positively retained in contact therewithas by a spring. The lower ends or end portions of the jaws are both positioned angularly, preferably at obtuse angles, relative to their body and upper portions, to provide substantially parallel crushing plates so that the rock is positively crushed and not abraded. In order to permit ready replacement of the wear plates, they are formed be positioned by a single clamp.

The novel features that are considered characteristic oi? the invention are" set forthwith particularity in the appended claims. 1 Thef-invention itself, however, both as to its organization in units and adaptedto and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood from the following description of a specific embodiment when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference characters indicate like parts throughout and in which:

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken vertically through a rock-crushing machine in accordance with the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary side view in elevation showing the adjustable mounting of the lower eccentric shaft; and

Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 are diagrammatic views illustrating the operation of the movable jaw.

Referring now to the drawings, and specifically with reference to Figure 1, a rock crushing machine, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprises a frame [8 including end walls II, a front wall 52 and a rear wall [3. The walls are heavily reinforced by ribs Hi to provide a rigid, strong construction that will withstand the vibration, crushing stresses and hard use to which such machines are subjected. The top of the frame In is open to receive roclr to be crushed and the bottom of the frame is open to discharge crushed rock.

A pair of crushing jaws l5 and it are mounted within the frame ill and extend between the end walls H thereof. One of these jaws I5 is a stationary jaw and the other of these jaws i6 is a movable jaw. These jaws angle apart toward their upper ends to form a hopper'for receiving the rock to be crushed therebetween and include elongated fiat upper portions, l7 and (8 respectively, which are angularly arranged to form the hopper. At their lower ends they each include short fiat portions l9 and 2!} respectively, which are angularly arranged at obtuse angles relative to said elongated or long :flat upper portions I! and 13, respectively, of the. jaws I5 and i5 so as to be substantially parallelwith each other to provide directly opposedcrushing surfaces which are arranged in a substantially vertical position. ,1

The stationary jaw comprises a frame 21' having a front inner recess 22 extending along the angled portions for receiving the corresponding angled but otherwise ,usual wear plates 23. Whereas the usual stationary jaw is formed integrally with the machine frame, one of the advantages of the present invention resides in the fact that the stationary jaw I5 is adjustably mounted within the frame If]. The jaw frame 2! has a bore 24 extending longitudinally'widthwise or transversely through its upper endto receive and be supported by a shaft25 which has its ends supported by the end walls H of the machine frame Hi. Consequently, the jaw 15 may be pivotally adjusted about the shaft 25 to vary its angular position relative to the movable jaw 16. r

To regulate the position of the jaw i5, it is provided with a groove 26 in its lower rear surface to form a seat for one end of a toggle 2'? which has its other end seated in a groove 23 formed in a block 29 that is adjustably positioned relative to the inside of the front wall 12 by a plurality of shims 38, the block 29 andshims 39 being mounted on a ledge 38' extending inwardly of the front wall I2 of the machine frame ill. The jaw is held rigidly against the toggle 21 by a tie bolt or red 2l' pivoted to theoutside of frame 2| of jaw l5 and adjustably connected or tied to or through the front wall [2 of the frame i0.

The toggle 2! is adapted to break or collapse under a predetermined pressure so that it will support the jaw is during normal operation but will release the jaw in the event of a jam or other abnormal operation to prevent damage to the machine.

The movable jaw i6 is similar to the stationary jaw [5 in that it comprises a frame 31 that has a similarly angled front recess or seat 32 for correspondingly angled wear plates 33. In order to facilitate rapid replacement of the wearplates 33 they are forined'as twoseparate'plates having opposed angular surfaces '34for engagement by a wedge clamp 35 which may be carried by a bolt 36 that may extend through the face of the frame 3! and be secured by a nut 31. The face of the wedge 35 preferably coincides with the wear faces of the wear plates 33 and also form a wear surface. Thelower of the wear plates 33 preferably includes an angular portion to form the crushing surface 29. Although this mounting of the wear plates is shown only with respect to the movable jaw ES, obviously this construction may be in- .corporated in'the stationary jaw 15.

The movable jaw i6 is mounted at its top on an eccentric in the usual manner, the frame 3| having a sleeve 38 at its upper end to receive the outer race 39 of an antifriction bearing 40, the inner race 4| of which surrounds an eccentric 42 formed integrally with a shaft 43. Obviously the eccentric need not be formed integrally with the shaft 53 but may be keyed or otherwise mounted thereon, and, if desired, a crank may be substituted for the eccentric. The shaft 43 is journalled in the end walls ii ,of ,the machine frame Ill and may carry a fly-wheel M and be driven in any suitable manner;

The lower end of the jaw frame- 3,! is angularly positioned to accommodate the crushing face 23 and to provide a bearing surfaceidi which is preferably formed by a hardened metal plate 46 seated in a recess 47 of the frame 3 l The surface as of the plate 46 bears against the outer race 48 of an anti-friction bearing 48; the inner race 5!) of which is mounted on an eccentric 5! carried a shaft 52 that is journalled in the end walls ll of the machine frame [0.2 As a matter of convenience and economy, the upper and lower shafts 43 and 52, eccentricsZ and El, and bearings 4i) and 59 are identical in size.

The shaft 52 is driven; in order to impart a lateral movement to the crushingface 20, and preferably this shaft iswdrive'n from and in timed relation with the upper driven shaft 43. This may be accomplished by any suitable means, and for purposes of illustration, is shown :as comprising a gear train drive although. a chain or other drive may be used. A gear 53 is fixed on the shaft 43 to be driven thereby andthis gear 53 meshes with a gear that is mounted on'a shaft 55 supported by one of the end walls ll of the machine frame [0. The. gear 54"m'eshes with a gear 56, that is fixed on the lower shaft 52. The gear train preferably comprises a reduction so that the lower shaft 52 is drivenat a higher rate of speed than the shaft 43, vpreferably at the rate of 2 to 1. It will be noted that as the shaft 52 is driven it will revolve the eccentric'fii' and bearing 49 so that the outer race. 48 will roll up and down on the bearing surface 45 of the wear plate 68 while reciprocating-the crushing surface 20.

Although the lower end of the jaw IE will tend to follow the reciprocal movement of the outer race 48 due to gravity, it is preferred to positively maintain contact between the surface 45 of the bearing plate 46 and the periphery of the race 48. This may be accomplished by a lengthwise adjustable pull rod 57 that is connected to the jaw frame 3| by a pivot 58 mounted in a bracket 56 carried by the frame 3|. The rod 51 extends laterally through an aperture 60 and socket 6| in the rear wall I3 of the machine frame In and preferably extends beyond said rear wall I3 for a short distance. A helical spring 62 biases the pull rod 57 outwardly to pull the jaw I6 against the race 48, thespring 62 surrounding the rod 51, seating in the socket 6| and bearing against a collar 63 and nut 64 threaded on the rod 5'! 'to vary or adjust the tension and position of portions I8 and 26 of movable jaw I6 relative to portions I7 and I9 of stationary jaw.

In order to effect adjustment of the lower end of the movable jaw I6 and the portion 20 of wear plate 33 of movable jaw I6 relative to the portion I9 of wear plate 23 of stationary jaw I5 it is obviously necessary to adjustably mount the shaft 52 in the end walls ll of the machine frame I6. Consequently, the ends of the shaft '52 are preferably seated in bearings 65, preferably anti-friction bearings, which may be seated in corresponding arcuate slots 66 in said end walls I I concentric to shaft 55. Depending upon the type of drive system employed, the slots 66 are preferably arcuate and are provided with means for adjustably positioning the bearings 65 therein. In the present instance, as best shown in Fig. 2, the slots 66 are curved on a radius from the axis 55a of the gear shaft55 so that-the gear 56, on the shaft 52 may follow or roll on the gear 54 on the shaft 55, when the bearings 65 are adjusted in the slots 66. The ends 61 of the slots 66 are preferably parallel in ,order'to flatly engage shims 58, a plurality of the said shims 68 being inserted in the slots 66 as desired on either or both sides of the bearings 65.

In assembling the machine of the present invention the shafts 43 and 52 are preferably arranged so that their respective eccentrics 42 and 5| have a predetermined relationship when said shafts are driven. This is desirable in order to obtain maximum operating efliciency, a positive feed to the crushing surfaces I9 and 20, and to eliminate unnecessary abrasion of the wear plates 23 and 33. It is preferred that the relationship be such that the lower eccentric 5| will act to move the crushing surface 26 toward its opposed surface I9 only when the upper eccentric 42 is passing through a cross-stroke over and under its shaft 43. By this arrangement the crushing stroke is delivered only when the jaw I6 is not subject to longitudina1 movement, and when the jaw is moved longitudinally the crushing part 20 is retracted to relieve the pressure on the rock between the jaws and thereby eliminate rubbing abrasion of the rock.

The above described operation has the additional advantage of positively feeding the rock to the crushing portions I9 and 20 so that the rock will never jam or need additional means for maintaining an even flow through the machine. This action is eifected by the retraction of the lower portion 26 during the longitudinal movement of the jaw I6 so that the throat I 9-.420 of the jaws is enlarged whenever there is a longitudinal agitation of the rock therebetween. Therefore, when the rock is loosened by longitudinal agitation, it is free to gravitate between the expanded crushing portions.

Furthermore, the movement of the jaw I6 is preferably effected in such a manner. as to obtain crushing portion maximum feeding action by driving the upper eccentric 42 in a direction so that it moves downward when passing throughits forward position so that the rock receives a positive downward movement when the upper portion of the jaw I6 passes through its forward position so as to positively push the rock down between the expanded portions I9 and 20'. Consequently, the jaw IB'is moved upwardly while passing through its rearward position so that it is at'its maximum spacing from the stationary jaw l5 and thereby permits the ready settling of the rock, the upward movement imparted to the rock adjacent the jaw I6 merely serving to agitate the impacted rock to promote its settling.

The hereinbefore described action of the jaws is diagrammatically illustrated in Figs. 3 through 6, the jaw I5 being in a constant position throughout these diagrams. Fig. 3 illustrates the jaws and eccentrics in the same position as that shown in Fig. liand this position will be employed as a starting point in describing the cycle of operation, the shafts 43 and 52 being driven in the direction of the small arrows associated therewith, according to the preferred operation of the invention. In the position of the apparatus shown in the drawings, the shafts are preferably driven counter-clockwise.

Referringspecifically to Fig. 3 it will be seen that the upper eccentric 42 is in the extreme of its forward position and, preferably, is in its downward'stroke. Consequently, the jaw I6 is movingdownwardly, as'indicated by the downward vertical arrow V,'and the upper end of the jaw is in its extreme forward position. Si-

multaneously, 'the' lower eccentric 5| is in the extreme of its rearward movement, so that the 20 is retracted to its extreme rearward, open position as indicated by the horizontal, rearward arrow R. Therefore, as the jaw I 6 is moving downwardly with its upper end in forward position it will tend to push the rock down between the open crushing portions I9 and 26.

It will be understood that during the longitudinal movement of the jaw I6, its lower rear bearing surface 45 will travel over the periphery 48 of the lower bearing 49, the periphery or outer race 43 merely rolling along the reciprocating surface 45. Obviously, the direction of rotation of the lower shaft 52 is immaterial as far as being critical, except as stated, as the bearing 49 is not fixed to'either the shaft or the jaw. However, with the gear drive illustrated in Fig. 1, the shaft 52 will rotate, and the eccentric 5| will revolve, in the direction of the arrow associated therewith in Fig. 3 and rotation in this direction. reduces friction between the roller or race 48 and the wear surface 45.

As the shaft 43 rotates a quarter revolution to revolve its eccentric 42 to its lower position, as shown in Fig. 4, the shaft 52 rotates half a revolution forwardly and downwardly to revolve its eccentric 5| to its forward position due to the 2 to 1 reduction drive therebetween. When the upper eccentric passes through its downward position the longitudinal downward movement of the jaw I6 is, for all practical purposes, substantially completed and ceased and instead a lateral horizontal outward or retracting movement is imparted to the upper end of the jaw I6 as indicated by the rearward, horizontal arrow I-I. .During this period of substantially no longitudinal movement-of jaw I6 the lower eccentric 5| is operated to turn forwardly'andrdown wardly and impart a forward lateral, horizontal movement to the lower end of the jaw IE to deliver the forward, crushing stroke to, the crushing surface or portion 20 toward stationary crushing surface or portion [9 of. jaw l and the rock or other material therebetween, as indicated by the horizontal, forward arrow F. the crushing stroke is deliveredvwhile the jaw is substantially devoid of longitudinal movement so that there is substantially no rubbing abrasion of the rock or wear plates 33.

With continued rotation "of the upper shaft 43 its eccentric 42 passes beyond its cross stroke to its extreme rearward position, as shown in Fig. 5, while moving upwardly; Consequently the jaw is receives an upward and outward or rearward longitudinal movement as indicated by the upward, vertical arrow V". Therefore, the lower shaft 52 simultaneously rotates half a revolution to revolve its eccentric 5| outwardly or rearwardly and upwardly to itsrearward position to permit the spring 62 and pull rod 51 to retract the crushing portion 28' with surface 45 and portion 26 following eccentric 5| and outer race 38 of bearing 49 as indicated by the horizontal, rearward arrow Rtending to release and discharge the crushed material. Thus, while the jaw I6 is moved longitudinally upwardly the crushing portions are again open so as to avoid abrasive pressure on the rock. and wear plates and permit settling of the rock between the crushing portions 19 and 2B. Furthermore, as the upper end of the jaw I6 is retracted while moving upwardly, the rock mass is permitted to expand and settle rather than to be fed backwardly as in the prior apparatus. As a matter of fact, the upward movement of the jaw is imparted only to the rock in immediate contact therewith and this movement has the advantage of agitating the rock mass andthereby promotes settling of the mass.

Continued rotation of the upper shaft 43 revolves its eccentric 42 upwardly and inwardly or forwardly to its upper position, as shown in Fig. 6, whereupon it is in the midst of its forward cross-stroke, as indicated by the forward horizontal arrow H, and longitudinal movement of the jaw 16, is ceased. Simultaneously, the lower shaft 52 rotates a half revolution to revolve its eccentric 5i forwardly or upwardly, inwardly and downwardly to impart a crushing stroke to the portion 20 as indicated by the horizontal forward arrow F. Thus, the crushing stroke is again delivered while the jaw i6 is free of longitudinal movement. Continued rotation of the shafts 43 and 52 and eccentrics 42 and 5! moves the jaw it into its downward, open-throated feeding position with portion 20 moving outwardly or rearwarclly away from portion 19 which is shown in Fig. 3 and completes the cycle of operation.

In view of the foregoing description, it will be seen that the. crushing portion 2a delivers a crushing stroke twice during each cycle of operation of the jaw it while the latter is moving both outwardly and inwardly at its upper portion with eccentric 42, that is, for each revolution of the shafts? as seen in Figures i and 6. The speed of operation may be varied through a relatively wide range, however, it is preferred that this speed should be regulated within specific limits or at least above a certain minimum. More specifically, it has been found that superior results are obtained if the rock receives two impacts while. gravitatingbetween the crushing portions l9 and 20."

To graphically illustrate, a piece of rock X is shown at the entrance of the crushing throat Ill-20 in Fig. 3. Between gravity and the feeding and settling action of the jaw Hi, this rock X is delivered into the upper end of the throat 19-48 and impacted therein, as shown in Fig. 4, to break or crush it into pieces so. When the throat 19-20 is again opened, the pieces a: gravitate and are fed downwardly as shown in Fig. 5 and are again impacted in the lower end of the throat 19-40, as shown in Fig. 6, to further crush it, if necessary, to the desired size.

In a preferred size and form of machine it has been found that if the shaft 43 is driven at 200 R. P. M. and the shaft 52 at 400 R. P. M., the rock falls about 4 inches between impacts or during a complete cycle of operation. Therefore, it has been found that the crushing portions l9 and 28 obtained the desired results when they are about 6 inches in height. Obviously, the rock may be impacted more than twice but this action is not necessary as the desired results are obtained, for all practical purposes, by a double impact and the excessive wear on the machine due to a. higher rate of operation more than offsets any advantage. In addition, it is evident that the invention may be practiced with two movable jaws, both operating in the manner of the herein-described jaw it, however, the use of the stationary jaw 15 is preferred so as to simplify and economize on construction and operation while obtaining equally satisfactory results.

It will be understood that the present invention is equally adaptable for crushing ore, coal or other friable materials although described herein as a rock crusher.

Although a certain specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and described, it is obvious that many modifications thereof are possible. The invention, therefore, is not to be restricted except insofar as is necessitated by the prior art and by the spirit of the appended claims.

That which is claimed as new, is:

1. Rock crushing apparatus comprising a pair of jaws defining a hopper for receiving rock therebetween and each including an upper end portion and a lower end portion disposed at an angle to the upper end portion, said jaws being disposed with their lower end portions in relatively close substantially parallel juxtaposition and forming crusher portions, at least one of said jaws being movable, upper rotatable eccentric means within the upper end of said movable jaw, lower rotatable eccentric means slidably engaging the lower portion of said movable jaw adjacent said crusher portion, and means for driving said eccentric means and including means correlating the rate of said lower eccentric means at a two-to-one ratio relative to the rate of said upper eccentric means, the eccentric portions of said eccentric means being in uniform angular relation about their axes.

2. Rock crushing apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein said drive means rotates said eccentric means in the same direction and in which the eccentric portions revolve over the axes of said means toward said jaws.

NELSON H. BOGIE.

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